Mardiena Boegiez

Must or Have to Definition of Must/Have to To be obliged; to be necessitated; -- expressing either physical or moral necessity; as, a man must eat for nourishment; we must submit to the laws. To be morally required; to be necessary or essential to a certain quality, character, end, or result; as, he must reconsider the matter; he must have been insane. "Must" is most commonly used to express certainty. It can also be used to express necessity or strong recommendation, although native speakers prefer the more flexible form "have to." "Must not" can be used to prohibit actions, but this sounds very severe; speakers prefer to use softer modal verbs such as "should not" or "ought not" to dissuade rather than prohibit. Examples: • This must be the right address! CERTAINTY • Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this school. NECESSITY • You must take some medicine for that cough. STRONG RECOMMENDATION • Jenny, you must not play in the street! PROHIBITION Must has no corresponding preterite form. The negative form when the meaning is obligation is "must not" or "mustn't", and the negative form when the meaning is near-certainty is "must not". An archaic variant is the word mote, as used in the expression "so mote it be". Must and have to are used to express that something is obligatory ("He must left"; "He has to leave"). Must can be used to express a prohibition such as "You must not smoke in here", or a resolution such as "I mustn't make that mistake again". There is a distinction between "must" and "have to" in the negative forms: "must not" negates the main verb, while "do not have to" negates "have to". In the sentence "You must not go" = "You must not-go", it is being expressed that it is obligatory for the person being spoken to not go; whereas in the sentence "You do not have to go" it is being expressed that it is not obligatory for the person to go. Must and have to can also be used to express strongly held beliefs (the epistemic rather than deontic use), such as in "It must be here somewhere" or "It has to be here somewhere", with the same meaning as "I believe that it's very likely that it is here somewhere." There is a past form for the sense of high probability ("He must has done that" = "He very probably did that"), but there is no past tense form for the sense of obligation ("He must have done that" cannot be understood as "He had to do that" = "He was required to do that"). Using "Must" in Present, Past, and Future Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "must" behaves in different contexts. Modal Use Positive Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future Negative Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future You can also use: must CERTAINTY 1. That must be Jerry. They said he was tall with bright red hair. 2. That must have been the right restaurant. There are no other restaurants on this street. 3. NO FUTURE FORM 1. That must not be Jerry. He is supposed to have red hair. 2. That must not have been the right restaurant. I guess there is another one around here somewhere. 3. NO FUTURE FORM have to must not PROHIBITION You must not swim in that river. It's full of crocodiles. You must not forget to take your malaria medication while your are in the tropics. PROHIBITION USUALLY REFER TO THE NEAR FUTURE. must STRONG RECOMMENDATION (Americans prefer the form "should.") 1. You must take some time off and get some rest. 2. SHIFT TO "SHOULD" You should have taken some time off last week to get some rest. 3. SHIFT TO "SHOULD" You should take some time off next week to get some rest. 1. You mustn't drink so much. It's not good for your health. 2. SHIFT TO "SHOULD" You shouldn't have drunk so much. That caused the accident. 3. SHIFT TO "SHOULD" You shouldn't drink at the party. You are going to be the designated driver. should must NECESSITY (Americans prefer the form "have to.") 1. You must have a permit to enter the national park. 2. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO" We had to have a permit to enter the park. 3. We must get a permit to enter the park next week. 1. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO" We don't have to get a permit to enter the national park. 2. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO" We didn't have to get a permit to enter the national park. 3. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO" We won't have to get a permit to enter the national park. have to REMEMBER: "Must not" vs. "Do not have to" "Must not" suggests that you are prohibited from doing something. "Do not have to" suggests that someone is not required to do something. Examples: • You must not eat that. IT IS FORBIDDEN, IT IS NOT ALLOWED. • You don't have to eat that. YOU CAN IF YOU WANT TO, BUT IT IS NOT NECESSARY. Usage of Must/Have to 1. We can use 'must' to show that we are certain something is true. We are making a logical deduction based upon some clear evidence or reason. * There's no heating on. You must be freezing. * You must be worried that she is so late coming home. * I can't remember what I did with it. I must be getting old. * It must be nice to live in Florida. 2. We also use 'must' to express a strong obligation. When we use 'must' this usually means that some personal circumstance makes the obligation necessary (and the speaker almost certainly agrees with the obligation.) * She must goes to bed earlier. * They must do something about it. * You must come and see us some time. * I must say, I don't think you were very nice to him. 3. We can also use 'have to' to express a strong obligation. When we use 'have to' this usually means that some external circumstance makes the obligation necessary. * I have to arrive at work at 9 sharp. My boss is very strict. * We have to give him our answer today or lose out on the contract. * You have to pass your exams or the university will not accept you. * I have to send a report to Head Office every week. 4. In British English, we often use 'have got to' to mean the same as 'have to'. * I've got to take this book back to the library or I'll get a fine. * We've got to finish now as somebody else needs this room. 5. We can also use ' will have to' to talk about strong obligations. Like 'must' this usually means that that some personal circumstance makes the obligation necessary. (Remember that 'will' is often used to show 'willingness'.) * I'll have to speak to him. * We'll have to have lunch and catch up on all the gossip. * They'll have to do something about it. * I'll have to get back to you on that. 6. As you can see, the differences between the present forms are sometimes very small and very subtle. However, there is a huge difference in the negative forms. We use 'mustn't' to express strong obligations NOT to do something. * We mustn't talk about it. It's confidential. * I mustn't eat chocolate. It's bad for me. * You mustn't phone me at work. We aren't allowed personal calls. * They mustn't see us talking or they'll suspect something. 7. We use 'don't have to' (or 'haven't got to' in British English) to state that there is NO obligation or necessity. * We don't have to get there on time. The boss is away today. * I don't have to listen to this. I'm leaving. * You don't have to come if you don't want to. * He doesn't have to sign anything if he doesn't want to at this stage. * I haven't got to go. Only if I want to. Corrected by : Herlina REFERENCES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_modal_verb http://langacademy.net/vb/showthread.php?2463-Usage-of-Must-Have-to http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/musthaveto/menu.php http://www.englishpage.com/modals/must.html