Farhatul Aini

Farhatul Aini

NPM   : 10211210018

Class    : 3C

Writing in Professional Context 2

Auxiliary Verb

            Most verbs are main verbs, content words that contribute meaning to the sentence they are in (go, run, eat, prefer, ascertain). In addition, there is a closed class sub-group of auxiliary verbs that merely assist in the technical construction of other verb forms. The auxiliary verbs in English are: to be, to do, and to have. The modal verbs (can, could, shall, should, may. might, must, will, and would) can also be considered auxiliaries as they modify the meaning of the main verb they accompany. Auxiliary verbs are the verbs that are grammatically functioning form or add meaning to the phrase. Auxiliary verb is part of verb. Auxiliary verb used very common in spoken English. Generally, auxiliary verbs are used in conjunction with the main verb (main verbs) and helped form the grammatical structure of a sentence. According to English sentence structure, auxiliary verb always followed by bare infinitive. The verb after auxiliary verb (main verb) should the first form of verb. In a sentence, there should be no two auxiliary.

According of one of the source that I read, there are three auxiliary verbs, they are to be, to do, and to have. This source didn’t explain that the modal verb is included into auxiliary verb.  Be, do, and have had no meaning if it stands alone as an auxiliary verbs. The first one of auxiliary verb is to be. Auxiliary verbs are commonly used in this part are be, am, is, are, was, were the resource persons, being, been. As an auxiliary verbs, to be commonly used with past participle to make a sentence with the present participle passive and to create a continuous sentence. The next kind of auxiliary verb is to do. In this kind, Auxiliary verbs are used do, does, did. As an auxiliary verbs, commonly used to do together the main verb to form negative sentences or sentence question. And also used to apply pressure or avoid repeating the main verb. Auxiliary verbs are also known as dummy or dummy auxiliary operator. The other auxiliary verb is to have. Auxiliary verb are used in here are have, has, had. As an auxiliary verb, have to use with main verbs to make the perfect sentence. The conclusions of those explanations are the auxiliary verb divided into three parts. There are to be, to do, and to have. Each of it has different kinds of auxiliary verb. In the other source that I read, explained that there are twelve auxiliary verbs in English. They are am, is, are, do, does, have, has, shall, will, can, may, and must.

From the sources that I have read, I analyzed that actually all of the sources that I have read have the same explanation about auxiliary verb. They only different on the way of explain the point. Each of the sources explains and divides the auxiliary verb with the different way. In the first source, auxiliary verb divided into narrow line explanation. But in the second source, auxiliary verb divided into outline explanation. In the first source explained that auxiliary verb divided into three classifications. They are to be (am, is, are, was, were, be, been and being), to do (do, does, and did) and to have (have, has, and had). To be usually used with past participle to make a passive sentence with present participle to make a continuous sentence. The other functions of to be are to assist the sentence if that sentence don’t have a verb or after the subject   is the noun or the adjective or the complement. To be is also used to assist the formation of negative sentence, to assist the formation of interrogative sentence, to assist the formation of negative interrogative sentence, to assist the formation of sentence that use the Question Wh. The sentence that is meant in above is the nominal sentence. So, to be is used in the nominal sentence. To do (do, does, done, and did) usually used with the main verbs make the negative sentences or interrogative sentence. And also used to apply pressure or avoid repeating the main verb. Auxiliary verbs are also known as dummy or dummy auxiliary operator. To have (have, had, and has) usually used with the main verbs make the perfect sentence, perfect continuous, etc. In the other source, was explained that auxiliary verb not only consist of three classifications, but also coupled by modal verb. Modal verb is also part of auxiliary verb. They are can, could, shall, should, must, may, might, will, and would. There are also ought to that similar with should, need and dare. The negative form of modal verbs is also including of auxiliary verb. Was explained that each of modal verb have different function. Can is used to state the expertise and physical ability. The example of can: I can speak English fluently. Can also used to ask for permission. For example, “Can you help me please?”. The other function of can is used for possibility. For example, “he can be ill”. Could is used in the past form. But not always for past form. The example of could in past form: I could finish my homework yesterday. Could form has the same meaning with can form. Could also used to ask for permission and for possibility. Shall has similar meaning with should. The example of shall: Shall I clean the room now?. Shall often used in the interrogative form.  Should is used in the past form. The example of should: The plane should arrive by now. Shall or should used to state the expectation of speaker, advisability, and obligation. Shall also used in offering helping and express the promise. Must is used to express the supposition of speaker. The example of must: You must finish your homework on time. The pattern of must is used when the speaker feels uncertain about an event or action. Must able be used in present form or past form. Must has similar meaning with have to (used for I, you, and plural subject) or has to (used for third singular person, he, she, and it). Must and have to or have to are used to express or to state the necessity, but there is a little difference in term of the definition. The definition of must is the necessity that comes from self-speaker (compulsion of the speaker). In negative sentence and make the answer of the interrogative sentence always use need not or needn’t not must not. For example, you needn’t go now. The definition of have to or has to is the necessity which is caused by something outside (external circumstance).  The example of have to: They have to stay here for a week. The example of has to: she has to stay here for a week. May and might have similar meaning. The example of may: He may be sick. Might usually used in the past form. But its use can also be used in the present or future time. May and might are used to express the possibility. The example of might: She might miss the bus. The difference between may and might is if may is for the most likely something. If might is for the unlikely something. Will and would have a similar meaning. Will has similar meaning with to be going to. Will used in simple future tense. Will used to express the request or offer something politely. The example of will: I will buy a new book tomorrow. Would is used in the past form. For example, I would be punished before I escape. Would is used to express the offering or the petition politely. For example, would you please help me ?. When would combine with like, it means desire or willingness. For example, I would like to eat. When would combine with rather, it mean prefer. For example, I would rather be a doctor then a president. Will and would are used in the future tense. The main verb after the auxiliary verb must verb one. If the form of sentence is past or perfect, the main verb is not change. But, the auxiliary verb that have to be changed. If in Indonesian language we find the auxiliary in a sentence, in English we should change the second auxiliary with the other auxiliary that has a same meaning. For example, “I should be able to…” in that sentence, be able to has a same meaning with can. The other auxiliary verb is ought to. Ought to has similar meaning with should. Ought to is used to express the action that is not resolved/ fulfilled or neglected. Usually used in the perfect infinitive form. The example of ought to: The work ought to have been finished last week. Other auxiliary verb is need. Need used to make the negative sentence from the question of using must. Need use as the regular verb. In the past tense change to needed, in the interrogative and negative form is made with the auxiliary do and does for present form. The last auxiliary verb is dare. Dare has mean brave. When dare is being an auxiliary verb, for the third singular person is not followed by s in the end of the word. When dare is used as a regular verb, it used like other regular verb. The form in the past is needed, the form of the negative and interrogative use the auxiliary do or does.

The contradicting of sources that I have read are in the second source that I have read was not explain all of the auxiliary verb. In the first source, I found the complete auxiliary verb there. In the second source explained the auxiliary verb in the each sentence. They are the auxiliary verb in the present and the auxiliary verb in the past tense. In the first source I didn’t find the auxiliary verb that there are in the other sources that I have read. For example, in the one of the source that I have read didn’t explain need, dare, ought to, etc as the auxiliary verb. Also there is a source that I have read didn’t explain the modal verb as the auxiliary verb. After I learned seriously, I had the conclusion that all of the auxiliary verb that explained in the different sources are actually including of the auxiliary verb. Only the source didn’t explain completely.

The conclusion of all of the explanation that has written by me is the auxiliary verb is the verbs that help the main verb. The auxiliary verb is also the part of verb. There are many auxiliary verbs in English. Auxiliary verb consist of to be (am, is, are, be, been, and being), to do (do, does, done, and did), to have (have, has, and had) and modal verb (can, could, will, would, may, might, must, etc.). Each of the auxiliary verbs has different function. They are used in the different form. The verb after the auxiliary (main verb) should the first form of the verb. In a sentence there should no two auxiliary. I found the similar explanation from the sources that I have read. The sources of some books or the sources from the internet.